PID can permanently damage the lining of the fallopian tubes and may partially or totally block one or both tubes enough to cause infertility. In the unlikely event of pregnancy in an IUD user, 6 to 8 in every of these pregnancies is ectopic. Thus, the great majority of pregnancies after IUD failure are not ectopic. Still, ectopic pregnancy can be life-threatening, so a provider should be aware that ectopic pregnancy is possible if an IUD fails.
IUDs do not cause miscarriages after they have been removed. If correct insertion technique is used, the use of an IUD will not cause any difficulty in future pregnancies.
There is a higher risk of preterm delivery or first- and second- trimester miscarriage, including infected septic miscarriage which can be life-threatening. If the client does not want to continue the pregnancy and if therapeutic termination of pregnancy is legally available, inform her accordingly.
If she wishes to continue the pregnancy and the IUD strings are visible or can be retrieved safely from the cervical canal, gently remove the IUD or refer for removal. The client should return at once if she develops any signs of miscarriage or septic miscarriage vaginal bleeding, cramping, pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, or fever. However, if the IUD strings cannot be found in the cervical canal and the IUD cannot be safely retrieved, refer for ultrasound, if possible, to determine whether the IUD is still in the uterus.
If the IUD is still in the uterus, if ultrasound is not available, or if the client chooses to keep the IUD, her pregnancy should be followed closely by a nurse or doctor. She should see a nurse or doctor at once if she develops any signs of septic miscarriage. Many couples do not want to use the IUD because they incorrectly believe that using the IUD will cause either no monthly bleeding amenorrhea or heavier, painful, and more frequent menstrual bleeding, and this is harmful for your system.
These bleeding changes are normal and usually are not signs of illness. They are most common in the first 3 to 6 months after insertion and usually lessen with time. A provider should evaluate for an underlying condition unrelated to method use if:. Severe anaemia requires careful consideration because if heavier menstrual periods are experienced, the additional monthly blood loss could worsen existing anaemia.
The anaemia should be treated before an IUD is inserted. Women using the LNG-IUD may experience heavy, prolonged, or irregular bleeding in the first few months, but then experience:.
Copper-bearing IUDs rarely cause monthly bleeding to stop completely. However, women using an LNG-IUD may not experience monthly bleeding due to strong uniform suppression of the endometrium. If monthly bleeding does not occur while a woman is using a copper-bearing IUD, pregnancy should be excluded. If the woman is not pregnant, other causes of no monthly bleeding should be investigated.
Pain associated with menstruation may increase in some women, but usually this is only for the first month or two. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also reduce discomfort.
Some couples do not want to use the IUD because they incorrectly believe that the IUD will cause inconvenience during sex, pain for the male partner because the strings will hurt the penis, or that using the IUD causes discomfort and pain for the woman during sex.
Fact: It might make you more relaxed about unintended pregnancies and enjoy sex even more! There is no reason why an IUD should negatively affect sexual pleasure. On the contrary, being free from fear of pregnancy may allow both partners, especially the woman, to enjoy their sexual life. There is no reason why an IUD should cause discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse unless the woman is already having cramps, which sometimes occur during the first few weeks after insertion. Sexual intercourse cannot displace an IUD.
Sometimes a man can feel the strings if they are too long. If this bothers him, cutting the strings shorter should solve the problem. Sometimes a man can also feel discomfort if the strings are cut too short.
To remedy the problem, the provider can cut them even shorter so they are not coming out of the cervical canal. The woman should be told beforehand, however, that this will mean she may not be able to feel the strings to check her IUD, and removing her IUD may be more difficult. Alternatively, she can have the IUD replaced with a new one and the strings cut to the correct length. The strings should be cut so that 3 centimeters hang out of the cervix. Based on data given by case-control and cohort studies the relationships between current and past IUD use, duration of IUD use and the type of IUD were evaluated to determine the risk of ectopic pregnancy among IUD users.
The results of this review indicate that current and past IUD users do not have an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. No relationship was found between the duration of IUD use, for either current or past IUD users, and the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy symptoms should be treated as an emergency. It is a small, T-shaped device constructed out of a hormone-eluting plastic. After being inserted in the uterus, it releases the medication levonorgestrel into the uterine cavity, over a period of years.
The device is intended to prevent pregnancy for up to 5 years and can be used for women who have heavy menstrual bleeding who desire intrauterine contraception. Though IUDs have traditionally been recommended for women with children, Mirena can also be used by women who have not been pregnant.
In normal pregnancy, an egg which has been released from the ovaries and that has been fertilized travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus and implants in the uterine wall as an embryo.
Ectopic pregnancy is not considered viable and may pose a serious risk to the mother due to threat of hemorrhage. Mirena works by emitting hormone in the uterus, making the uterus and cervix inhospitable to a fertilized egg. The hormone levels that are emitted from the device are lower than those in oral contraceptives or other hormonal birth control methods and may not protect against pregnancy if the IUD may shift or migrate from its position in the uterus.
If pregnancy occurs, an ectopic pregnancy is possible. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when an embryo implants outside of the uterus. Most commonly, implantation occurs in the fallopian tubes and as cellular division occurs, the tube or other tissues may rupture and bleed.
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